Reform Judaism is generally more liberal than these other two movements, and its typical position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a list of restrictions whose literal observance is required of all Jews. Orthodox and Conservative Judaism maintain that Jewish law should be followed, with Conservative Judaism promoting a more "modern" interpretation of its requirements than Orthodox Judaism. A major source of difference between these groups is their approach to Jewish law. The largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism. In 2007, the world Jewish population was estimated at 13 million, of which about 40% reside in Israel and 40% in the United States. Jews are an ethnoreligious group that includes those born Jewish and converts to Judaism. Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law. Its texts, traditions and values have inspired later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity, Islam and the Baha'i Faith. It is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, and the oldest to survive into the present day. Judaism claims a historical continuity spanning well over 3000 years. However, Karaite Judaism maintains that only the Written Torah was revealed, and liberal movements such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic. According to most branches, God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. Jews consider Judaism to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God developed with the Children of Israel-originally a group of around a dozen tribes claiming descent from the Biblical patriarch Jacob and later the Jewish people. Judaism (from the Latin Iudaismus, derived from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, and ultimately from the Hebrew יהודה, Yehudah, " Judah" in Hebrew: יַהֲדוּת, Yahadut) is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh, and explored and explained in later texts such as the Talmud.
SYMBOL FOR FEMALE ISLAMIC CHRISTIAN JUDAISM MEXICAN SERIES
Judaica (clockwise from top): Shabbat candlesticks, handwashing cup, Chumash and Tanakh, Torah pointer, shofar, and etrog box Part of a series on For consideration of ethnic, historic, and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity, see Jew. This article is about the Jewish religion.
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